| Abstract: | 孤獨與他人──以人為核心所開展的內在性與超越性在上一個研究計畫<從超越到人性的超越>中，藉著對於萊維納斯思想的研究說明了何謂人性超越；本著上述的基礎，本計畫想更進一步的探討西方傳統哲學中超越性與內在性的關係。我們的研究開展了對西方傳統哲學中理性與感性、超越性與內在性之對立的反思。對立於現象世界的真理，雖然被賦予了永恆的保證，並因而成為人類永恆的價值；但只對理性有效的真理型態，卻也同時否定了人的感性與生存的真實，因而無法對生存作出肯定，也無法實現生存中的真善美。我們在萊維納斯思想中發現以人性為基礎的超越之可能，這意謂著以人為基礎的超越並不對立內在性，而是以內在性為實現超越的基礎；這樣的想法如同新柏拉圖主義一般，認為是內在性使我們朝向真理之途。我們嘗試在齊克果、萊維納斯以及德里達的思想中尋找更多足以支持內在性作為超越性基礎的線索，不僅為了化解內在性與超越性的對立，更希望藉著本研究的挖掘，還原思想的本原為內在性這一事實。
Solitary and the Other----Human as core to spread out the transcendence and immanence In preceding research--From transcendence to transcendence in human--by researching the thoughts of Levinas, one explained the definition of transcendence in human. Base on the research above mentioned, this study attempt to confer the relationship between transcendence and immanence in traditional western philosophy. This research develops the introspection towards the opposition between reason and sensation, furthermore, between transcendence and immanence. In opposing the world of phenomena, the truth has been allocated the promise of eternity, then, it becomes human the eternal value, but the truth state which is only effective on reason has denied the reality of the sensation and existence. Therefore, this truth state cannot approve existence, and it cannot realize the truth, the good and the beautiful of existence. In the thoughts of Levinas, one discovers the possibility of transcendence based on human. This means that the transcendence based on human does not oppose the immanence, but, in contrary, basing on the immanence. As Neo-Platonism, this idea thinks that immanence leads us towards the truth. One attempts to search clues to support that immanence becomes the foundation of transcendence among the thoughts of Kierkegaard, Levinas and Derrida. Not only to reconcile the opposition between immanence and transcendence, but also through the mining of this study, one can restore the fact that the “arche” of thinking is immanence. |
