四書中的勇德研究

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Title:	四書中的勇德研究
Other Titles:	The Study of Virtue of Courage in Four Books.
Authors:	賴璿宇 Xuan Yu Lai
Contributors:	蔡家和哲學系
Keywords:	三達德;勇德;儒家;《四書》
Date:	2015
Issue Date:	2015-12-22T03:15:45Z (UTC)
Abstract:	知、仁、勇此三種德行被稱之為三達德，也就是三種普遍人們皆有的德行。然而勇德這一德行卻是此三種德行中甚為特殊之德行；照孔子所說，勇德是成為君子的必要德行，不過如果只有勇而無其他德行相搭配則容易為亂、為盜。而孟子則是對勇進行了大勇與小勇的分類，且對於大勇加以讚許和推崇。但到底什麼是勇呢?勇究竟該如何才能是一種德行?且勇與其他德行之間的關係為何?勇為什麼會是君子的德行中的其中一個德行呢?本論文將透過對勇在《大學》、《論語》、《孟子》、《中庸》的各個篇章中所呈現的不同面向，進行分析和整理，先對於勇的特性進行了解，釐清勇的性質，之後再進一步了解勇與其他德行之間的關係為何。接著，由於勇德可以說是實踐的德行，那麼怎樣的行為才可以說是真正有勇的行為，而不是匹夫之勇?畢竟依據儒家所講的君子來看，其行為必然與一般莽夫有所不同，但應該怎麼做才不會淪為莽夫之勇；並在最後論三達德的排序問題，且檢討勇在我們的日常用行中當有怎樣的角色。 Wisdom (智), ren (仁), and courage (勇)are called three da der (三達德), which are general virtues. Among them, courage is considered as a particular virtue. According to Confucius, courage is an essential virtue of becoming a gentleman; however, it will bring chaos and pirates when it goes without other virtues. In addition, Mencius divided courage into Dayong(大勇) and Xiao Yong(小勇) and Dayong has been held in high esteem. What is courage? How could courage be one of the virtues? What is the relationship between courage and other virtues? Why would courage be considered as one of the virtues? Though the analysis of the Four Books, that is, the Great Learning (大學), the Doctrine of the Mean (中庸), the Analects of Confucius (論語), and Mencius (孟子), this study aimed at the present of courage.First, the characteristic of courage was clarified. Next, the relationship among courage and other virtues were examined. Afterwards, the discussions of the implications of courage in daily life were provided. According to Confucian (儒家), the definition of a gentleman firmly differ from that of a brutal man. Therefore, how courage can be incorporated into daily life was discussed in the end.
Appears in Collections:	[哲學系所] 碩博士論文

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