餵飼制度對白羅曼鵝生長表現與血漿代謝物含量之影響

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Title:	餵飼制度對白羅曼鵝生長表現與血漿代謝物含量之影響
Other Titles:	Effect of Feeding System on Growth Performances and Plasma Levels of Metabolites in White Roman Geese
Authors:	何思穎 Ho, Shih-Ying
Contributors:	楊錫坤 Yang, Shyi-Kuen 東海大學畜產與生物科技學系
Keywords:	鵝;餵飼制度;生長性狀;血漿代謝物 goose;feeding system;growth performance;plasma metabolite
Date:	2010
Issue Date:	2010-12-30T06:37:14Z (UTC)
Abstract:	本研究共分二試驗，其目的乃在探討不同餵飼制度對鵝生長性狀與血漿代謝物之影響。在試驗一，2 週齡白羅曼鵝 72 隻逢機分成二組。生長期間 (2-8 週齡)，每日分別在上午與下午各餵飼 1 hr。A 組早餐餵飼 CP 13% 飼糧，晚餐餵飼CP 19% 飼糧；B 組早晚皆餵 CP 16% 飼糧。在肥育期間 (8-12 週齡)，鵝隻分成 AM 與 PM 二組，並皆飼予肥育期飼料。AM 組在上午餵飼 1hr；PM 組在下午餵飼 1 hr。在生長期之末 (8 週齡) 與肥育期 (12 週齡) 之末，鵝隻於餵飼之後 1-4 小時被收集血液。分別於第 4、8、12 週時收集糞尿。結果顯示，生長期間之體重 (BW)、日增重 (ADG) 與每日採食量 (FI)，在組間無顯著差異，但 A 組之飼料效率 (FE) 顯著較 B 組者為高 (P < 0.05)。在肥育期間，與 AM 組相較，PM 組之 FI 較多，但 BW、ADG 與 FE 則較低 (P < 0.05)。餐後血漿中葡萄糖、三酸甘油酯及尿酸等含量，在生長期與肥育期末皆無組間差異 (P > 0.05)。4 與 8 週齡時， A 組糞尿中之能量及氮素佔採食者百分比 (排出量 / 攝入量) 較 B 組者為低 (P<0.05)。在 12 週齡，糞尿中之能量及氮素佔採食者百分比，在組間無顯著差異(P>0.05)。在試驗二，4 週齡雛鵝逢機分成二組。生長期間 (4-8 週齡)，每日分別在6:00 與 18:00置換飼料任鵝隻採食。A 組上午餵飼 CP 14% 飼糧，下午餵飼 CP 20% 飼糧；B 組則依 A 組消耗之飼料比例提供等蛋白質之日糧。在 8-13 週齡，鵝隻飼予肥育飼糧，並分成任飼組 (C 組) 與限時餵飼組 (R 組)。R 組在上午餵飼 2 hr。結果顯示，生長期間 A 組之 ADG 與 FE 顯著較 B 組者為高 (P < 0.05)。在肥育期間，與 C 組相較，R 組之FI 與 ADG 較低，但 FE 則較高 (P < 0.05)。本研究顯示，蛋白質提供時間之操縱可改善雛鵝生長期之生長性狀，而限時餵飼可提高肥育期之飼料效率。 This study was conducted by two trails to investigate the effect of feeding system on the growth traits and plasma metabolites in geese. In experiment I, goslings were randomly allotted into two groups. All goslings were fed for 1 hr at morning and at evening, respectively, from 2-8 weeks of age (the growing period). Goslings in group A were fed CP 13% diet at morning and CP 19% diet at evening. Goslings in group B were fed the same diet (CP 16%) at both morning and evening. From 8 to 12 weeks of age (the fattening period), both groups were further allotted into two groups. Geese in group AM were allowed to access the fattening diet for 1 hr at morning. Geese in group PM were allowed to access the diet for 1 hr at evening. Blood samples were collected after feeding for the determination of the plasma levels of glucose, triglyceride, uric acid and urea at the end of both growing and fattening periods. Results showed that body weight (BW), daily gain (ADG) and feed intake (FI) were not different between groups, but the feed efficiency (FE) in group A was significantly higher than that in group B in growing period (P < 0.05). In fattening period, FI was higher, and BW, ADG and FE were lower in group PM, compared with group AM (P < 0.05). The postprandial plasma glucose, triglyceride, uric acid and urea levels were not different between groups both at the end of growing period and fattening period (P < 0.05). In week 4 and 8, excretion / intake ratios for gross energy and nitrogen were higher in group A, compared with group B (P<0.05). In week 12, excretion / intake ratios for gross energy and nitrogen were not different between groups (P>0.05). In experiment II, goslings were randomly allotted into two groups. Diets were changed at 6:00 and 18:00, respectively, and geese were allowed to access diets freely from 4-8 weeks of age. Goslings in group A were fed CP 14% diet at morning and CP 20% diet at evening. Goslings in group B were fed the same diet (mixed with the two diets according to the ratio of diets consumed by the group A on the preceded day) at both morning and evening. From 8 to 13 weeks of age, goslings were further allotted into two groups. Geese in group C were fed fattening diet ad libitum. Geese in group R were allowed to access fattening diet for 2 hr at morning. Results showed that the ADG and FE were higher in group A than those in group B in growing period (P < 0.05). In fattening period, FI and ADG were lower, but FE was higher in group PM than those in group AM (P < 0.05). It is concluded that the growth traits in growth period can be improved by the operation of protein supply schedule, and the feed efficiency in fattening period can be improved by restricted feeding time.
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