飼糧中添加甜菜鹼對肉雞抗熱緊迫能力之影響

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题名:	飼糧中添加甜菜鹼對肉雞抗熱緊迫能力之影響
其它题名:	Effect of Dietary Betaine Supplementation on the Heat Tolerance of Broilers
作者:	陳慧泓 Chen, Hui-Hung
贡献者:	姜樹興 Chiang, Shu-Hsing 東海大學畜產與生物科技學系
关键词:	甜菜鹼;肉雞;生長性能;死亡率;pH值;電解質;熱緊迫 Betaine;Broiler;Growth performance;Mortality;pH value;Electrolyte;Heat stress
日期:	1999
上传时间:	2011-05-25T09:15:16Z (UTC)
摘要:	本試驗旨在探討飼糧中添加甜菜鹼對改善肉雞抗熱緊迫能力之影響。試驗一及二均採2 ×3複因子設計，120隻初生公肉用雛雞，逢機分成六處理組，每處理四重複，每重複5隻，分別飼養於溫度控制室中之金屬網底育雛器內，兩種不同溫度處理為(1)適溫(試驗第一天為33 ℃，往後每天調降0.3 ℃)或(2)高溫(試驗第一天為36 ℃，往後每天調降0.2 ℃)，並飼予三種不同飼糧處理：(1)基礎飼糧、(2)基礎飼糧 + 0.1 %甜菜鹼或(3)基礎飼糧 + 0.5 %甜菜鹼之飼糧，為期三週。試驗期間每週測定雞隻死亡率、增重、飼料採食量，並計算增重?飼料。試驗結束當日各重複逢機取雞二隻採血，測定血液pH值及血球細胞內外鈉、鉀及氯離子濃度。綜合試驗一及二，在生長性能方面，高溫降低肉雞增重及飼料採食量，改善飼料利用效率，提高死亡率(P<0.01)。飼糧中添加不同甜菜鹼含量對肉雞增重並無影響，但降低飼料採食量(P<0.05)，因而改善飼料利用效率(P<0.01)。在血液性狀方面，溫度及甜菜鹼處理對血液pH值並無顯著影響，高溫處理顯著提高血球細胞外鈉、氯離子濃度與滲透莫耳濃度(P<0.01)及細胞內鉀、氯離子濃度(P<0.05)，而甜菜鹼處理對血球細胞內及細胞外電解質濃度並無顯著差異。綜合上述結果，飼糧中添加甜菜鹼無論在高溫及適溫下對肉雞增重並無影響，但降低飼料採食量而可改善飼料利用效率，顯示飼糧中添加甜菜鹼對肉雞抗熱緊迫能力並無影響。 Two experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of dietary betaine supplementation on the growth performance, mortality, blood pH value, blood intracellular and extracellular electrolyte concentration of broilers under high ambient temperature. In experiment 1 and 2, 120 1-day old Arbor Acres male chicks were allotted to a 2 ? 3 factorial design with 4 replicates of chicks each treatment. Chicks were fed in wire-floored breeder cages in two temperature-controlled chambers, and fed a corn-soybean meal diet supplemented with 0, 0.1% or 0.5% of betaine and exposed to constant high ambient temperature (36℃ at the first day, and decreased 0.2℃/day) or constant moderate ambient temperature (33℃ at the first day, and decreased 0.3℃/day), respectively, for 21 days. Blood samples of chicks were taken at day 21 for pH value, intracellular and extracellular electrolyte concentration. The growth performance were measured at day 7, 14 and 21. The results of experiment 1 and 2 showed that broilers exposed to high ambient temperature decreased (P<0.01) weight gain and feed intake, increased (P<0.01) gain/feed and mortality. Dietary betaine supplementation did not (P>0.05) affect weight gain, but increased (P<0.01) gain/feed due to feed intake decreased (P<0.05). There was no influence of broilers exposed to high ambient temperature and dietary betaine supplementation on blood pH value. High ambient temperature increased (P<0.01) extracellular sodium and chloride concentration, and increased (P<0.01) intracellular potassium and decreased (P<0.05) chloride concentration of broilers. Dietary betaine supplementation did not affect intracellular and extracellular electrolyte concentration. In conclusion, supplementing betaine in diets had no effect on weight gain, but decreased feed intake and improved feed efficiency of broilers under both high and moderate ambient temperatures indicating that betaine supplementation did not affect the heat tolerance of broilers.
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