英國哲學家休謨是近代懷疑論的主要代表人物。他繼承了洛克、巴克萊所提出的經驗基本論述,而將之徹底發揮,發展出一套全面否定理性的懷疑論之經驗論。休謨懷疑論主要針對課題有二:一是「因果」,另一是「實體」。後世對於休謨懷疑論有著截然不同的看法,而有兩極的評價:一是將其視為消極且極端的懷疑論者與不可知論者,如哲學家托馬斯?里德所言,休謨懷疑論為英國經驗論發展之必然結果。又或者,如哲學家肯普?史密斯等人所述,認為休謨為一自然主義者,其懷疑論對於哲學發展具有積極的貢獻與價值。休謨懷疑論何以造成如此極端的兩種評價呢?本文之主要目的,便在於從休謨如何處理其懷疑論上的兩大重要議題著手,以均衡的觀點,透過對休謨懷疑哲學的平實論述,探求休謨的真意。 David Hume is a controversial philosopher in modern philosophy. There are two different opinions about Hume’s skepticism:Some people regard Hume as an agnostic, and his theories brought us negative results on philosophy; others think Hume is a naturalist with positive contribution. Therefore, the main purpose of this thesis is to understand the true meaning of Hume’s skepticism.